采用质子酸化学聚合法,以苯胺（An）为单体,过硫酸铵（APS）为氧化剂,在盐酸（HCl）溶液中,合成了聚苯胺（PANI）及In2O3、TiO2和SnO2掺杂的聚苯胺。分别通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）,红外光谱仪（FT-IR）,场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对其结构和形貌进行了表征,制成了基于聚苯胺及其掺杂材料的氨气传感器。室温下,对1.0×10-5～1.50×10-4浓度范围的氨气进行了气敏测试,测试结果表明,基于聚苯胺及其掺杂材料的气敏元件对氨气响应灵敏度基本呈线性关系。掺杂In2O3的聚苯胺气敏元件对氨气的响应灵敏度最大,在1.50×10-4时响应灵敏度达到50;而掺杂TiO2的聚苯胺气敏元件对1.00×10-4氨气的响应时间最短,为60s。分析了聚苯胺及其掺杂材料的气敏机理,结果表明,金属氧化物的掺杂对聚苯胺材料的灵敏度、响应及恢复时间等气敏特性有很大的影响。
Polyaniline（PANI） and its doped materials（In2O3-PANI,TiO2-PANI and SnO2-PANI） were synthesized by chemical polymerization of protonic acid method.Aniline was oxidized by ammonium persulfate in hydrochloric acid solutions.The polyaniline and its composite materials were characterized by using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,field emission scanning electron microscope（FE-SEM） and FT-IR spectromete（FT-IR）.The gas sensors were fabricated based on polyaniline and its doped materials to detect NH3 at the room temperature.The response sensitivity of the gas sensors to NH3 was measured in NH3 concentration range of 1.0×10-5-1.50×10-4.The relationships of the sensitivity of the sensors vs the NH3 concentration basically showed linearity.The sensitivity of the gas sensor based on In2O3 doped PANI was the highest and it is 5.0×10-5 for 1.50×10-4 NH3 at room temperature.While response times of the gas sensor based on TiO2 doped PANI was the shortest in these four kinds of gas sensors and the response times was 60s.The gas sensitive mechanism of polyaniline and its doped materials was analyzed.The doping of metal oxides has great effect on the properties of PANI materials such as response sensitivity,response and recovery times and selectivity.
参考文献
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