通过对制备防火涂料的各组分的热学性能测试,分析了膨胀型防火涂料的防火机理.研究结果表明:聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇三者分解温度范围符合膨胀炭质层的形成条件,具有很好的协调性.当温度达到220℃时,脱水催化剂聚磷酸铵首先分解释放无机酸,随着温度的逐渐升高,生成的酸与炭化剂季戊四醇发生酯化反应;在酯化反应前或酯化过程中,涂层发生软化熔融,同时发泡剂三聚氰胺受热分解产生大量不燃性气体,使软化熔融的涂层鼓泡膨胀,随着反应的不断进行,最后形成“蜂窝状”的膨胀炭质层.
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