采用线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)与马来酸酐接枝的LLDPE (MAH-LLDPE)通过熔融共混与注塑成型工艺,制备了LLDPE/MAH-LLDPE/SiO2复合材料.MAH-LLDPE对LLDPE/SiO2复合材料起到了界面增容作用,纳米SiO2粒子以30 nm～160 nm的尺寸较均匀地分散在复合材料中,并与聚合物基体形成良好的界面粘接.这些均匀分散的SiQ粒子起到异相成核作用,促进了复合材料中LLDPE相的结晶,提高了其晶面厚度、熔点和结晶温度;另一方面,SiQ和MAH-LLDPE中少量的凝胶降低了LLDPE的结晶度.在复合材料冲击断裂过程中,纳米SiO2粒子起到应力集中作用,诱导其邻近的聚合物基体屈服、界面空化;同时呈多尺度分布的纳米SiO2聚集粒子发生粒子间的分离,吸收能量,从而实现了对LLDPE的增韧作用.
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