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高炉是钢厂生产流程中物质、能量最为密集的工艺装置,对钢厂的物质流网络和能量流网络的构建与合理化运行有着重大影响。高炉的功能不仅是通过还原反应过程获得优质的铁水,而且伴随大量的能量转换和信息的输入/输出过程,应当在整个钢铁生产流程结构优化的前提下,综合思考高炉的合理座数、合理容积和合理位置。通过分析国际高炉的发展趋势和首钢京唐钢厂5 576m3高炉与迁安钢厂4 080m3高炉的比较,建设2×5 576m3高炉和3×4 080m3高炉可以得到相近的产量,但前者在节省投资、能源节约和信息控制等方面具有明显优势。由此可以看出,为了优化钢厂生产流程,提高市场竞争力,高炉大型化是一种明显的趋势。但是,并不是追求单座高炉越大越好,更不应盲目追求＂最大＂。应该在产品结构、物质流结构、能量流结构优化和动态运行优化前提下实施高炉大型化。一般的趋势是一个高效益、低成本生产的钢厂应以2～3座高炉为宜,并由此得到高炉大型化的合理容积、合理座数及其合理位置。这种发展趋势不仅适合于生产薄板的大型联合企业,而且也适合于生产建筑用棒/线材的中、小型钢厂。

The blast furnace is the most intensive process unit for energy and matter in steel plant.It has a significant influence for material flow network construction,energy flow network construction and operation on the rationalization in steel plant.For a modern steel plant,the function of the blast furnace not only produces the high quality hot metal by reduction reaction,but also accompanies energy conversion and a lot of input and output of information.So the reasonable production capacity,reasonable volume and reasonable layout of blast furnace should be evaluated comprehensively under the optimization of manufacture process structure in steel plant.Based on the analysis of international development tendency of the blast furnace,compares the main technical economic specifications of Shougang Jingtang’s 5 576 m3 BF to Qiangang’s 4 080 m3 BF,it can gain similar hot metal output both 2×5 576 m3 BF and 3×4 080 m3 BF,but 2×5 576 m3 BF has obvious advantages in investment reducing,energy saving and information control.Therefore,in order to optimize the steel manufacture process,promote the competitiveness in market,enlargement of blast furnace is a significant tendency.However,that is not better to accelerate enlargement of single blast furnace,moreover to achieve ＂the biggest＂.Enlargement of blast furnace should be based on optimization of products structure,material flow structure,energy flow structure and the dynamic operation.The general trend is appropriate that furnish 2 to 3 blast furnaces for a high efficiency and low cost steel plant,and thus according to the top designing,the reasonable volume,rational sets,as well as reasonable layout of blast furnaces will be achieved.This tendency not only suitable for large-scale enterprise for flat products production,but also suitable for medium and small-scale steel plant for bar or wire rods production.