为减少电解锰渣对环境的污染,降低重金属锰的毒性,研究了以电解锰渣为主要原料制备陶瓷砖.首先利用CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2三元系统相图获得初始配方,然后用正交试验法确定最优配方.在最优配方中,电解锰渣的质量分数高达40%.采用较低温度快速烧成工艺,烧成温度为1079 ℃,烧成时间为30 min.制得的陶瓷砖"主晶相"为普通辉石与锰钙辉石,吸水率为1.86%,主要性能指标符合GB/T 4100-2006<陶瓷砖>中的BⅠb类标准.实验结果显示,重金属锰出现在锰钙辉石的晶格中,成为其晶体结构的组成部分,完成了对锰的解毒.
In order to reduce the pollution of electrolytic manganese residue and the toxicity of the heavy metal manganese, the preparation of ceramic tiles was studied by using electrolytic manganese residue as the main raw material. The basic formulas were obtained in terms of the CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 ternary system phase diagram, and then they were optimized through the orthogonal design. In the optimal formula, the mass fraction of electrolytic manganese residue reached 40%. The samples with augite and johannsenite as their main crystal phases, whose water absorption was 1.86%, were produced through the lower-temperature and quick-sintering technology: the temperature was 1079 ℃, and the sintering time was 30 minutes. The samples' main technical performance complied with the BⅠb standard of GB/T 4100-2006 'Ceramic tiles'. Experimental results showed that the heavy metal manganese was in the johannsenite's crystal lattice and became a component of the johannsenite's crystal structure. Therefore, less toxicity of manganese will be released into the environment.
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