以厌氧颗粒污泥为对象,测试其对不同浓度U(Ⅵ)(2.4～12 mg/L)的去除效果,通过环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和高通量测序技术等方法解析铀胁迫下微生物群落结构特性.结果表明:在初始U(Ⅵ)浓度为9.6mg/L、pH为6、投加湿污泥2g(污泥的可挥发性悬浮在体浓度为0.1g)条件下,U(Ⅵ)的去除率最高,达到95.1％;颗粒污泥中微生物以直径约lμm的球形细菌为主,能谱分析(EDS)也证明细胞表面铀的存在.高通量测序得到15939条有效序列,可划分操作分类单元939个.样品文库覆盖率为0.967,Shannon指数、ACE指数和Chaol指数分别为4.099、3140.55与2122.53,表明样品具有较高的微生物多样性与丰富度.菌属分类显示:颗粒污泥中包含许多典型的铀还原固定菌属,如Acinetobacter、Clostridium 、Pseudomonas、Sulfurovum、Sulfurospirillum及Trichococcus,这是颗粒污泥具有高效除铀效果与耐铀性能的原因.
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