对制造光伏电池用多晶硅锭中的主要硬质夹杂SiC、Si3N4引起的热致应力进行数值分析.首先用晶体生长软件CGsim模拟定向凝固,获得铸锭凝固完成时温度场及夹杂分布,再基于此用有限元分析软件ANSYS分别分析这两种嵌于硅基体内的夹杂在硅基体内引起的热应力.夹杂颗粒模型形状设计依据其实际形状特征.由于SiC与硅均为立方结构,SiC夹杂影响可处理为各向同性;对于六方结构的Si3N4夹杂,通过对弹性矩阵的坐标转换考虑了其力学性能的各项异性.结果表明,多晶硅锭由1685 K降至室温的过程中,夹杂引起的最大热致应力SiC颗粒约为16 MPa,Si3N4颗粒在13 ～21 MPa之间,SiC团簇约为21 MPa,多颗粒在18～21 MPa之间.基于此,计算出多晶硅锭内最小失稳临界裂纹尺寸在286 ～ 676 μm之间,小于夹杂体的尺寸,因此在铸锭冷却过程中夹杂引起的裂纹发生可能性较大.
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