采用66.7%(摩尔分数)AlCl3与33.3%(摩尔分数)[bmim]Cl(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐)混合后得到的AlCl3-[bmim]Cl离子液体为电解液,在304不锈钢基体上采用恒电流法进行电镀铝的研究.主要考察了添加剂、温度、电流密度对镀层形貌结构的影响.加入一定量的甲苯,控制阴极电流密度,在基体不锈钢片上获得银白色、平整致密的铝镀层.扫描电镜、X射线衍射对铝镀层形貌、结构的分析结果表明:(45±2)℃下,电流密度为20～25 mA/cm2时,能获得光亮、平整、致密的铝镀层;镀层铝晶粒随甲苯量增大而变细小;所得铝镀层都以(200)面构成为主,随电流密度、电镀时间的增加,(200)面峰增强,镀层为面心立方晶系.铝镀层厚度随电镀时间的增加呈抛物线趋势增大;电流密度为20～35 mA/cm2、电镀时间小于30 min时,镀层厚度与电流密度呈线性关系,电流效率达到95%以上.
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