在浓硝酸溶液(13mol/dm3)中,通过恒电流电解,成功地进行了中间相沥青和聚丙烯腈基两种炭纤维(MPCF,PANCF)的硝酸插层.虽经水洗和干燥后有部分被分解成残余化合物,但从其层间距增至0.78nm左右这一现象证实已形成了层间化合物.经急剧加热至1000℃后,观察到了显著的形貌变化,单根纤维沿着纤轴被劈裂开,转变成一束微纤维.低结晶度PAN-CF经急热处理后,被观察到了这种膨化现象.对经2000℃左右处理的MPCF,在两个阶段,电解时CF的电势明显增加:1500℃处理的MPCF电解电势逐渐增加,而1150℃处理的MPCF,此值几无上升.
Intercalation of nitric acid into mesophase-pitch-based and PAN-based carbon fibers was successfully carried out by electrolysis of the fibers using a constant current in a concentrated nitric acid solution of 13mol/dm3. Formation of intercalation compounds was confirmed from the fact that the interlayer spacing increased to about 0.78nm, though a fraction decomposed to the residual compounds after rinsing and drying. After rapid heating to 1000℃, a marked morphological change was observed, a single fiber being converted to a bundle of thin filaments split along the original fiber axis. For PAN-based carbon fibers with low crystallinity, the exfoliation was observed after rapid heating. Potential change of carbon fibers during their electrolysis markedly increased in two steps for mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers heat-treated above 2000℃. For carbon fibers treated at 1500℃, however, potential increased gradually, with almost no increase for those treated at 1150℃.
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