温差发电器可广泛用于汽车发动机尾气废热的回收.为优化温差发电模块构型和优选热电材料以获得高输出功率,发展完善的热电耦合物理模型十分必要.本文针对工作在特定热源和热沉温度下的温差发电模块,建立了包含基本热电效应的温差发电器工作过程一维物理模型.物理模型中考虑了热电元件与热源和热沉之间的热阻的影响,并从基本理论出发,分析了包含汤姆逊热的输出功率表达式.通过建立的测量系统测试了碲化铋基(BiTe-based)温差发电模块的输出功率,利用热像仪检测了热电元件温度分布,并将输出功率计算结果与实验测试结果和ANSYS三维仿真结果做了对比.对比结果验证了物理模型的准确性.
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