本文采用水热法,通过调节高锰酸钾(KMnO4)和硫酸锰(MnSO4)原料配比控制MnO2的晶体结构和形貌.当KMno4与MnSO4物质的量比为6∶1时,制备出由纳米片构成的球形δ-MnO2,形似海胆,直径约为0.5-1μm;当两者物质的量比2∶3时,所得α-MnO2纳米线粗细均匀,直径约为30 ～50 nm,长度为1 μm;当两者物质的量比减小到1∶3时,则合成出直径约为50 ～ 100 nm,长度为2～4 μm的短棒状β-MnO2.采用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电法对上述电极材料进行电化学性能研究,结果表明海胆状δ-MnO2具有优良的超电容性能,1 A/g充放电时,其放电比电容为162 F/g,远高于α-MnO2(62F/g)纳米线和棒状β-MnO2(8 F/g)的比电容.
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