利用真空熔烧工艺制备了WCp-NiCrBSi/耐热钢复合材料,棒状增强相WCp-NiCrBSi均匀分布于基体表层,实现了复合材料的“硬韧匹配”.利用SEM、EDS和显微硬度等手段,对复合材料增强相和界面的微观组织结构进行了表征.在环-盘式试验机上对复合材料的高温磨损性能进行了研究,并与基体材料进行对比.结果表明,增强相WCp分布均匀,NiCrBSi合金在凝固过程中生成了γ-Ni(Ni3 Si)、Ni-B、Cr-B和多元共晶物相.复合材料的增强相与基体之间为良好冶金结合,没有裂纹、气孔等缺陷.由于界面元素的互扩散,在增强相一侧发生了等温凝固,生成了γ-Ni固溶体层;在基体一侧的扩散影响区内弥散析出了大量的Fe-Cr-B化合物.在室温至600℃温度范围内复合材料的耐磨性都优于基体材料,复合材料的耐磨性优势在室温下最大,并随着温度的升高而逐渐减小.室温下,由于WCp凸出于磨损表面阻止了金属材料之间的直接接触,复合材料的磨损机制为轻微粘着磨损.在300℃和600℃下,由于磨损表面氧化物膜的形成,WCp-NiCrBSi/耐热钢复合材料的磨损机制转变为轻微氧化磨损.
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