空蚀现象经常发生于水泵、水轮机和船舶螺旋桨的叶片表面以及高水头泄水建筑物的局部表面，严重影响其服役寿命。概述了材料空蚀的机理及影响因素，归纳了一些表面改性的方法和措施，介绍了激光表面改性、热喷涂、化学镀、电镀等表面涂镀技术制备的不同类涂层，并对各种涂层的效果进行了分析与比较；指出了目前研究中存在的问题和今后努力的方向。
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