以无卤阻燃剂三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐（MCA）为改性剂,采用熔体共混法制备了改性聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯（PPO/PS）复合材料。通过XRD和SEM对MCA-PPO/PS复合材料的微观结构进行了表征,重点研究了复合材料的燃烧性能和流动性能。研究发现：在复合材料的制备和加工过程中MCA的微观结构并没有发生任何变化,因此复合材料中MCA的阻燃作用不变。MCA在复合材料中分散比较均匀,无明显团聚现象。与纯PS相比,质量比为100∶100的PPO/PS在燃烧时的氧指数增加5.4%,热释放速率峰值降低33.1%,但总烟释放量增加近1.5倍。在PPO/PS中加入MCA后得到的复合材料的阻燃性能随着MCA用量增加而逐渐增强,发烟量大幅度降低,同时熔体黏度减小,流动性增加。在MCA-PPO/PS复合材料中加入5%、25%和45%质量分数的MCA可分别使复合材料的总烟释放量比PPO/PS降低43.7%、82.6%和91.6%。PPO/PS的阻燃机制为凝聚相成炭阻燃,随着MCA用量增加,MCA-PPO/PS复合材料的阻燃机制逐渐转变为气相稀释和对聚合物基体的冷却效应。加入MCA对MCA-PPO/PS复合材料可同时起到阻燃、抑烟和改善加工流动性的作用。
MCA-PPO/PS composites were prepared by melt-compounding PPO/PS and melamine cyanurate（MCA） as a halogen-free flame retardant.The structure of the composites was characterized by XRD and SEM,and their combustion behavior and flowability were investigated.It is discovered that the microstructure of MCA in the composites is the same as that of pure MCA after the sample preparation and processing procedure.Thus the flame retardant effect of MCA remains unchanged.MCA is dispersed evenly in the composites,with no obvious agglomeration.In comparison with that of pure PS,the oxygen index（OI） of PPO/PS with mass ratio of 100∶100 increases by 5.4%,the peak heat release rate（PHRR） decreases by 33.1% and the total smoke release（TSR） increases by almost 1.5 times.With rise of MCA loading,the flame retardancy of the MCA-PPO/PS composite gradually improves,while the total smoke release（TSR） decreases remarkably.Meanwhile,the melt viscosity of the composites decreases and the flowability increases with MCA loading.The addition of 5%,25% and 45% mass fraction of MCA to the MCA-PPO/PS composite can decrease the TSR by 43.7%,82.6%,and 91.6%,respectively.The flame retardant mechanism of PPO/PS is condensed phase charring mechanism.The flame-retarding mechanism of the MCA-PPO/PS composite changes from condensed phase charring mechanism to gas phase diluting and cooling effect of polymer matrix with MCA loading.The addition of MCA can enhance flame retardancy,suppress smoke release and improve melt flowability of the MCA-PPO/PS composite simultaneously.
参考文献
| [1] | 郭晓冉,王文平,费明,等.POSS/PS复合材料的制备及其热性能[J].复合材料学报,2009,26(6):31-36. |
| [2] | 宋晓艳,程博闻.多面体倍半硅氧烷(POSS)/聚苯乙烯复合材料热性能[J].复合材料学报,2010,27(5):29-35. |
| [3] | Agari Y, Shimada M, Ueda A. Thermal diffusivity and conductivity of PPO/PS blends[J]. Polymer, 1997, 38(1) 2649-2655. |
| [4] | Kim S H, Kim D, Lee D S. Gas permeation behavior of PPO/ PS blends [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1997, 127(1):9-15. |
| [5] | Suzuki T, Yoshimizu H, Tsujita Y. Characterization of microvoids in PPO/PS polymer blend by means of t29Xe NMR spectroscopy [J]. Desalination, 2002, 148(1): 359-361. |
| [6] | 刘继纯,陈权,井蒙蒙,等.PPO/PS的燃烧行为研究[J].塑料科技,2011,39(4):35-39. |
| [7] | Casu A, Camino G, Giorgi M D, et al. Fire retardant mechanistic aspects of melamine eyanurate in polyamide copolymer [J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1997, 58 (3): 297-302. |
| [8] | Kiliaris P, Papaspyrides C D. Polymer/layered silicate(clay) nanocomposites. An overview of flame retardancy [J]. Progress in Polymer Science, 2010, 35(7) : 902-958 |
| [9] | Modesti M, Lorenzetti A, Simioni F, et al. Influence of different flame retardants on fire behaviour of modified PIR/ PUR polymers [J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2001, 74(3) : 475-479. |
| [10] | Horacek H, Grabner R. Advantages of flame retardants based on nitrogen compounds [J ]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1996, 54(2):205-215. |
| [11] | Lewin M. Flame retarding polymer nanocomposites : Synergism, cooperation, antagonism[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2011, 96(3):256-269. |
| [12] | Chen Yinghong, Wang Qi, Yan Wei, et al. Preparation of flame retardant polyamide 6 composite with melamine cyanurate nanoparticles in situ formed in extrusion process [J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2006, 91(11): 2632-2643. |
| [13] | Gijsman P, Steenbakkers R, Fiirst C, et al. Differences in the flame retardant mechanism of melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 [J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2002, 78(2): 219-224. |
| [14] | Markarian J. Flame retardants for polyamides : New developments and processing concerns[J]. Plastics, Additives and Compounding, 2005, 7(2): 22-25 |
| [15] | Liu Yuan, Wang Qi. Melamine cyanurate microencapsulated red phosphorus flame retardant unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 [ J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2006, 91(12): 3103-3109. |
| [16] | Kiliaris P, Papaspyrides C D, Pfaendner R. Polyamide 6 filled with melamine cyanurate and layered silicates: Evaluation of flame retardancy and physical properties [J]. Maeromoleeular Materials and Engineering, 2008, 293(9):740-751. |
| [17] | ZhangJ, Lewin M, Pearce E, et al. Flame retarding polyamide 6 with melamine cyanurate and layered silicates [J]. Polymers for Advanced Technology, 2008, 19(7): 928-936. |
| [18] | 朱林林,张兴祥,王学晨.三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐对锦纶6的抗滴落阻燃改性研究[J].化工新型材料,2009,37(4):65-67. |
| [19] | 刘继纯,李晴嫒,付梦月.PS/MCA复合材料的阻燃性能研究[J].现代塑料加工应用,2009,21(4):17-20. |
| [20] | 纪全,张静,王孝龙,等.阻燃聚酯/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及燃烧性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2008,24(6):148-151. |
| [21] | 李斌,王建祺.聚合物材料燃烧性和阻燃性的评价-锥形量热仪(Cone)法[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1998,14(5):15-19. |
| [22] | Levchik S V, Levchik G F, Balabanovich A I. Mechanistic study of combustion performance and thermal decomposition behaviour of nylon 6 with added halogen-free fire retardants [J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1996, 54(2): 217-222. |
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%