对Al-Cu-Li合金进行温度300～500℃、应变速率0.001～10 s-1的等温热压缩,分析合金的流变行为;结合TEM和EBSD研究合金热变形过程中的组织演变.结果表明:合金流变曲线分为3个阶段:加工硬化阶段、过渡阶段和稳态变形阶段;变形温度越高,流变应力达到动态平衡所需应变量越小.基于应变硬化率(θ)与流变应力(σ)之间的关系,确定动态再结晶的临界应变(εc);不同热变形条件下的临界应变(εc)与峰值应变(εp)之比为0.30342～0.92828;临界应力(σc)与峰值应变(σp)之比为0.88492～0.99782.引入最大软化率应变(ε*)和中间变量Z/A,建立εc和ε*与Z/A的关系表达式.构建Al-Cu-Li合金动态再结晶动力学模型,模型表明,温度越高或应变速率越低,越有利于促进动态再结晶分数的增加;显微组织分析结果与模型预测规律一致.Al-Cu-Li合金动态再结晶形核机制主要为晶界突出形核机制、亚晶合并长大机制以及粒子促进形核机制,随温度升高和应变速率的降低,晶内亚晶合并长大机制得到加强.
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