真空渗碳处理对Cr35Ni45Nb合金高温持久寿命的影响

材料热处理学报, 2015, 36(7): 174-181.

真空渗碳处理对Cr35Ni45Nb合金高温持久寿命的影响

彭以超 ^1, , 张麦仓 ^2, , 肖将楚 ^3, , 杜晨阳 ^4, , 董建新 ^5,

1.北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100083

2.北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100083

3.北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100083

4.中国特种设备检测研究院,北京,100013

5.北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100083

基金项目: 国家高技术研究发展计划(“863”计划)(2012AA03A513)

关键词：真空渗碳 , Cr35Ni45 , 高温持久寿命 , 内氧化

Effects of vacuum carburizing treatment on high-temperature creep rupture life of Cr35Ni45Nb alloy

Keywords： vacuum carburization , Cr35Ni45 , creep rupture life , internal oxidation

采用真空渗碳方式对服役2.5年的乙烯裂解炉管钢Cr35Ni45Nb进行了加速渗碳处理,并进行了一系列的高温(1080℃)持久试验;分析了合金在接近实际服役温度下的渗碳特性和持久试验中合金内氧化与蠕变交互作用所引起的材料组织转变、空洞萌生及裂纹形核扩展等规律,重点讨论了渗碳对于合金高温持久寿命的影响机理.结果表明:在高温应力及渗碳因素的叠加条件下,Cr35Ni45Nb炉管近表面碳化物-基体相界面发生内氧化,造成低应力下较易形成空洞和裂纹,而且,裂纹更容易在柱状晶区枝晶间萌生扩展.渗碳时间越久,渗碳层深度越大,Cr35Ni45Nb钢炉管的持久寿命越长.主要原因在于,渗碳造成枝晶间或晶界碳化物增多,降低了合金的蠕变速率,延长了持久寿命;同时,渗碳过程形成的相当于合金内部摩擦力的渗碳应力也部分抵消了外部应力的作用.此外,尽管渗碳强化Cr35Ni45Nb耐热钢,但降低了其高温塑性,同时也会与服役环境下温差热应力及热疲劳损伤等发生交互作用,导致实际服役炉管的早期失效.

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