通过应力比R=-1的拉压高周疲劳实验,研究了在370℃条件下汽轮机转子模拟件焊接接头的高周疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展过程.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析了疲劳断口的形貌特征和微区成分.研究结果表明:对于30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢焊接接头而言,夹杂物主要成分为氧化物(Al2O3、CaO、MgO和SiO2等),疲劳裂纹往往萌生于夹杂物和气孔等内部缺陷.采用有效投影面积模型计算出母材和焊缝区域组织对应的临界缺陷尺寸,建立了夹杂物尺寸和疲劳裂纹萌生区域之间的关系.基于该研究结果,采取适当措施减少其内部的缺陷尺寸,并优化其形态和分布,以提高转子钢材料的抗疲劳性能.
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