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空间辐射尤其是高能重离子辐射可造成生物机体的严重损伤,所以对高能重离子进行恰当的辐射屏蔽,成为实现载人航天的关键性因素之一.研究表明,由于高能重离子与不同屏蔽材料发生相互作用,所产生的核碎片等次级粒子,直接影响空间辐射屏蔽材料的屏蔽性能研究和屏蔽结构设计.介绍了太空辐射的分类与组成,综述了国际地基辐射屏蔽材料与实验现状.根据文献中的地基实验数据,重点描述了被动式屏蔽方法:以相近能量多种重离子,不同能量的56Fe和28Si重离子分别与C,H,A1和Cu材料相互作用的总反应截面和碎片产生截面,并结合510MeV/u56 Fe与不同厚度CH2相互作用产生的碎片通量分布、碎片平均LET分布和不同厚度CH2的单位入射离子剂量减少量等方面,系统讨论分析了C,H,Al,Cu和CH2等常用空间辐射屏蔽材料的屏蔽性能.

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