将不同晶型的Bi2 O3阻燃剂添加到软质PVC材料中,采用极限氧指数和烟密度评价Bi2 O3对软质PVC的阻燃性能,并与常用的氧化锑( Sb2 O3)和钼酸铵协同阻燃剂进行阻燃抑烟比较,结果表明：5%的β-Bi2 O3阻燃剂添加至软质PVC时氧指数达35．5,烟密度为75%；而6%氧化锑与3%钼酸铵协同添加后软质PVC的氧指数达到35,烟密度为85．5%。 SEM和TG/DSC表征Bi2 O3在软质PVC中的分散和热分解特性,结果表明：β-Bi2 O3的在PVC树脂中分散性优于α-Bi2 O3,Bi2 O3的加入使PVC前期热释放速率降低,后期分解释放小分子速度和数量均有所降低,增加了成碳率,从而提高PVC的氧指数和降低烟密度。
In this paper,the use of Bi2 O3 with different crystal forms as flame retardant additives was investigated and compared to the formulations with Sb2 O3 and ammonium molybdate in flexible PVC. The retarding effect was evaluated by its limiting oxygen index and smoke density. Results showed that the oxygen index of PVC were 35. 5 and 35,while the smoke density were 75% and 85. 5% after adding 5% β-Bi2 O3 and 6% Sb2 O3 +3% ammonium molybdate,respectively. SEM revealed that the dispersibility ofβ-Bi2 O3 was better than that ofα-Bi2 O3 in PVC,and TG/DSC curves indicated that addition of Bi2 O3 resulted in the decrease of thermal-release rate of igniting PVC in early stage,the decomposition rate and amount of small molecules in later stage that enhanced carbonation effect, thereby increased oxygen index and decreased PVC smoke density.
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