研究了添加Sn和热处理对过共晶Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金（A390）显微组织与耐磨性的影响并对其机理进行了探讨。结果表明,铸态合金中的β-Sn相主要以颗粒和条状的形式存在于网状的Al2Cu相内,分布于Si相及α-Al相的晶界。在固溶时效处理过程中Sn促进共晶和初生Si相的球化;β-Sn相合并、聚集,一些形成Sn包Si的结构。铸态和热处理态的含Sn合金的磨损率和摩擦系数都小于无Sn合金的;和铸态相比,热处理后合金展现出低的磨损率和优良的耐磨性能。在低载荷下,Sn的添加使铸态A390合金从磨粒磨损和粘着磨损转变为单一的微弱磨粒磨损。在高载荷下,无Sn铸态合金的磨损方式包括磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,加入Sn后有效地抑制和避免了网状裂纹和疲劳磨损的产生。
Effect of Sn addition and heat treatment on microstructure and wear resistance of hypereutectic A390 alloys was investigated and their mechanism was discussed.The results show that the β-Sn in as-cast A390 alloys precipitates mainly in the form of particles within the Al2Cu network on grain boundaries of the silicon and α-Al phases.During solid solution-aging treatment,the addition of Sn promotes the disintegrating and spheroidizing of both the eutectic and primary silicon of the alloy and β-Sn phase grain coalesces and grows,and some of the grains form the structure of Sn wrapping Si.The wear rates and friction factors of the as-cast and heat-treated alloys with Sn are lower than those without Sn.At lower load,the addition of Sn changes the wear mechanism of as-cast A390 alloy from the combination of abrasive and adhesive wear without Sn into a single mild abrasion wear with Sn.At higher load,the wear mechanism of as-cast A390 alloy without Sn includes abrasive,adhesive and fatigue wear,while the addition of Sn effectively restrains the net-like cracks on the worn surface of the alloy and avoids the fatigue wear occuring.
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