选择4种结构相似但链长不同的链状醚(Gn,n=1～4)和环状醚1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)作为锂硫电池的电解液溶剂,研究不同的醚种类及组成对锂硫电池电化学性能的影响规律,探讨溶剂性质与锂硫电池性能之间可能存在的内部联系.结果表明:高黏性溶剂会降低锂硫电池的低电位放电平台;使用纯链状醚作溶剂时,溶剂的施主数(DN值)与锂硫电池性能密切相关,锂硫电池在高DN值溶剂中虽易发生过充、库仑效率低,但若控制DN小于19时,锂硫电池循环期间放电容量更高.因此,在合理范围内,增加多硫化物在电解液中的溶解性有利于提高活性材料的利用率;而当引入DOL与链状醚混合使用时,金属锂/电解液的界面性质一定程度上决定锂硫电池的性能水平,DOL由于成膜作用可以降低界面阻抗、改善锂硫电池的循环性能,且锂硫电池容量与库仑效率均随混合溶剂中DOL含量的增加而逐步提高,但DOL含量不宜过高,锂硫电池在适中的混合溶剂配比下才具有较好的循环稳定性.
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