应用二维小角X射线散射技术对PAN原丝、预氧丝、碳化丝纤维样品进行表征并采用Fankuchen切线法处理实验数据,得到微孔的平均结构信息.X射线散射集中在探测器平面赤道方向,原丝、预氧丝样品的散射强度相近并小于碳化丝散射强度,表明PAN基纤维在热处理过程中,纤维内部微孔一直沿纤维轴方向择优取向,在预氧化阶段微孔含量和大小基本保持不变,而在碳化阶段将产生大量微孔,并使微孔取向角增大.散射数据均呈现Porod正偏离,说明纤维内部还存在1nm以下的微结构起伏.
Microvoids in PAN based fibers at different heat treatment stages were characterized using a two-dimensional small angle X-ray scattering (2D SAXS) instrument and the pore sizes were calculated by Fankuchen gradual tangent method assuming the shapes of the pores are cylinders. The results indicate that in the fiber production process, the microvoids have been preferentially orientated along the fiber axis, and more microvoids create in carbonization stage which could increase the orientation angle. The average size of pores become smaller during the heat treatment process, and their dimensions are about 1.16-1.39 nm in radius, 3. 67-4.02 nm in length. All of the Porod plots of fibers show a positive deviation, suggesting the existence of microstructure fluctuations below 1nm.
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