超级电容器具有高功率密度、长循环寿命、良好的低温使用性能和安全性的优点,已经广泛应用到电子产品、能量回收和储能等领域.电极材料和电解液是决定超级电容器性能的两大关键因素,超级电容器常用的电极材料包括碳质材料(活性炭、碳纳米管、石墨烯、炭纤维、纳米洋葱碳等)、金属氧化物(金属氢氧化物)、导电聚合物及复合材料等;电解液主要有水系电解液、有机系电解液与离子液体.本文综述了超级电容器电极材料与电解液的研究现状,详细介绍了电极材料、电解液的性能及优缺点,并对新型电极材料和电解液的研究趋势提出展望.
Supercapacitors have great potential applications for electronic devices, and energy recyling and storage areas owing to their high power density, long cycle life, high safety and excellent performance at low temperatures.The electrode materials and electrolytes are two key factors that influence their performance.The electrode materials used in supercapacitors include carbon materials such as activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers and carbon nano-onions, metal oxides, conductive polymers and their composites.The electrolytes are aqueous electrolytes, organic electrolytes or ionic liquids.Here research progress on the electrode materials and liquid electrolytes for supercapacitors is summarized, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and new electrode materials and electrolytes are suggested.
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