马氏体相变是NiTi记忆合金具有优良形状记忆效应和超弹性的本质原因.通常,NiTi合金是以一步(B2-B19')或者两步(B2-R-B19')来完成马氏体相变.但在某些条件下,NiTi合金会展现出异常的多步马氏体相变行为.综述了NiTi合金中各种类型的多步马氏体相变行为,并给出了它们出现的条件以及形成的机理.富镍的NiTi记忆合金在中温(400～500℃)时效时会出现三步马氏体相(B2-R-B19'和B2-B19'组成),这是由于NhTi3相在晶界处优先析出所造成的.而在低温(200～300℃)时效时,出现的两步B2-R和一步R-B19'的异常马氏体相变则是由于B2相基体中晶界和晶内的成分不均匀,而这种不均匀性又是由于Ni4Ti3相在晶界处的优先析出所导致的.
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