研究一级时效、两级时效和多级时效处理对Sm(CoFe0.20Cu0.12Zr0.03)7.5磁性能的影响,并引入扩散长度探讨材料时效处理动力学机制.结果表明,一级时效处理的温度越高,材料的扩散系数DT1越大,达到某一特定扩散长度所需的时间越少,即磁体达到矫顽力峰值所需的时间越短.在连续降温处理过程中,达到某一特定扩散长度所需的时间与降温幅度和扩散系数有关,Cu原子的扩散长度是连续降温时效处理过程的主要影响因素.Sm2Co17型永磁材料的典型显微结构是由2∶17R主相和1∶5胞壁相所组成的胞状结构以及片状结构构成.当一级时效温度T1和二级时效温度T2固定时,达到特定扩散长度所须的时间与这2个温度下磁体的扩散系数成反比.Cu原子沿片状相的扩散速率比沿晶内体扩散速率大,当磁体内片状相含量较多时,Cu原子的扩散系数可大大增加,可有效缩短扩散所需时间.
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