对某制药厂离心机转鼓炸裂事故进行了系统分析和实验研究.结果发现;转鼓材料OCr17Ni4Cu3Mo2Nb在0.5mol/L NaCl+2.5mol/L H2SO4模拟工况中对应力腐蚀开裂十分敏感.该材料的KIC 约为80MPam1/2 ,其KISCC则只有14MPam1/2;慢拉伸时的最大断裂应力和最大伸长量,分别只及空气中的59%和30%.恒载荷试验测得其门槛应力为σth 只有150MPa,不到强度极限的12%.该离心机转鼓炸裂,即属应力腐蚀开裂所致.
The martensitic stainless steels of type OCr17Ni4Cu3 are extensively used in the chemical,petroleum and medicinal industry because they possess high strength,good mechanical property,simple heat-treatment process and excelent corrosion resistance.Although inliterature it has been indicated that "stress corrosion cracking for these steels may occur in some environments', no any detailed data and research reports were available.in the present work,the burst of centrifugal drum made of OCr17Ni4Cu3mo2Nb steel was systematically investigated.The results showed that the strength design,operational process,microstructure,chemical composition and mechanical properities of the device were quite right.however,its material,OCr17Ni4Cu3Mo2Nb steel,was foud to exhibit great susceptibility to SCC in 0.5mol/L NaCl+2.5mol/L H2SO4 solution at room temperature.The threshold stress intensity,K ISCC, was only 14MPam1/2 and the threshold stress,σth,was not higher than 150NPa,being 12percentage of its strength.Accordong to the fractography,experimental and calculated results,it was confirmed that the burst of the centrifugal drum was caused by environmental sensitive fracture.When the martensitic stainless steels were used their environmental fracture behavior should be considered carefully and the allowable load should not exceed the σth or K ISCC.
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