正渗透技术是采用选择性渗透膜两侧渗透压差作为驱动力的一种膜分离过程.由于具有低能耗、低膜污染、高回收率等优势,正渗透技术近年得到了广泛的关注.介绍了正渗透技术的过程及特征,对正渗透技术的海水淡化、污水处理和能源开发方面进行了综述,在此基础上,对正渗透技术面临的挑战进行分析.今后,正渗透的膜制备方面应当注重解决由膜引起的内浓差极化、汲取液反向渗透等问题;汲取液配制和选择应关注能减小内浓差极化的汲取液.
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