探讨了固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435催化高酸废油脂与乙酸甲酯酯交换生产生物柴油. Novozym 435能催化高酸废油脂与乙酸甲酯的酯交换反应,反应24 h后甲酯产率为77.5%,但该值大大低于以精制玉米油为原料时的甲酯产率(86.2%). 系统研究了反应体系中的水、游离脂肪酸和乙酸对反应的影响. 当反应体系中的水含量低于0.05%时,水对酶反应速率和甲酯产率影响甚小,而水含量高于0.05%时,酶反应速率和甲酯产率随着水含量的增加而降低. 游离脂肪酸对反应有较大影响,甲酯产率随着游离脂肪酸含量的增加而急剧下降. 乙酸甲酯与游离脂肪酸反应产生的副产物乙酸是导致甲酯产率显著下降的原因. 在反应体系中添加适量(油重的10%)的有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷或三乙胺可有效提高酶促高酸废油脂的酯交换反应速率和甲酯产率,使反应12 h后的甲酯产率分别达到85.9%和80.8%; 碱的加入还提高了酶的操作稳定性,添加有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷或三乙胺可使反应10批次后Novozym 435的相对酶活力分别由对照值86%提高到97%和93%.
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