材料期刊网

火法冶炼红土镍矿工艺为当前从红土镍矿中提镍的主要流程。分析了主要的火法冶炼红土镍矿工艺的技术特点。火法冶炼红土镍矿工艺具有工艺成熟、流程短、效率高等优点，但同时也存在能耗较高、熔炼过程渣量过多、有粉尘污染等不足。中国自主开发了高炉冶炼红土矿生产镍铁合金新技术，并在实践中进一步得到发展，高炉冶炼红土矿生产镍铁合金工艺还应从大型化、节能、环保、长寿等领域进一步发展。当前对火法冶炼红土镍矿工艺的研究势在必行，需要在完善还原熔炼工艺方面进行深入的研究，通过研究新方法、新工艺解决火法冶炼工艺中能耗高、各种有价值金属综合回收的难题，实现红土镍矿火法冶炼工艺的低能耗、低排放和镍工业的可持续发展。

Main technical process to extract Ni from lateritenickel ore were pyrometallurgical technologies currently. The technical characteristics of the main pyrometallurgical technologies of lateritenickel ore were discussed. The advantage of pyrometallurgical technologies of lateritenickel ore was mature, simple and effective, etc, while its disadvantage were high energy consumption, excessive slag in the course of smelting, high smelting temperature, serious dust pollution, etc. The technology of laterite ore smelted in BF was industrialization firstly in China, and developed the theory and practice further. The technology of laterite ore smelted in BF was of demonstration of multiresources utilization, and should be developed in these fields including largescale BF, energy saving, environmental protection, and longlife.The study on pyrometallurgical technologies of lateritenickel ore was imperative currently, and it was necessary to be explored in depth from improving reduction smelting technologies. The problems of high energy consumption and recovery of valuable metals in nickel extractive metallurgy can be solved by putting forward new methods and new technologies. Thereby low energy consumption and low emission of pyrometallurgical technologies of lateritenickel ore and sustainable development of nickel industry will be realized.