纤维/SiO2气凝胶复合材料因良好的力学和隔热性能具有广泛的节能应用前景,是当今国内外建筑、能源及材料等领域的研究热点.根据尺寸及形貌特征将纤维分为常规束状纤维、预制件纤维和纳米纤维三种类型,分析概述了不同类型的纤维与SiO2气凝胶复合材料的制备工艺、形貌特征以及力学和隔热性能,讨论了纤维改善SiO2气凝胶性能所存在的问题,并对以后的研究和发展趋势进行了展望.
Fiber/silica aerogel composite exhibits extensive application prospects in building,energy and material fields owing to its excellent mechanical and thermal properties.Based on size and morphology of fibers,the fibers were classified into regular bundle fiber,preform fiber and nano fiber.Preparation processes and structure characteristics of the three kinds of fibers reinforced aerogel composites were summarized,followed by advances in improving mechanical and thermal properties.Furthermore,Existing problems of the three kinds of fibers/aerogel composites were discussed,and thereby proposed the research perspective.
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