采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱和扫描电子显微镜技术并结合拉伸性能测试分析了聚碳酸酯在中国海拉尔地区户外自然老化前后的光学特性、相对分子质量、表面形貌和力学性能的变化,研究了12个月内聚碳酸酯在该地区户外自然老化失效规律,揭示了导致聚碳酸酯老化失效的结构原因,为合理使用聚碳酸酯材料提供进一步的实验和理论支撑.分析结果表明:老化后,PC分子结构中产生酚类、酮类等物质,1个月内试样显著变黄,随后黄色指数持续增加;表层相对分子质量1个月内显著降低,随后持续降低,中间层相对分子质量变化不大;6个月后试样表面产生裂纹并扩展至本体内,导致PC拉伸强度和拉伸断裂伸长率显著降低,材料由韧性破坏变为脆性破坏.
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