为发展环境友好型表面膜技术,采用浸渍法在45钢表面制备了具有一定耐蚀性能的氧化锆转化膜。用极化曲线研究了转化液主剂Zr^4+浓度和pH值对膜层耐蚀性能的影响,并优化了成膜条件;采用电位一时间曲线研究了NO3^-浓度对成膜过程的影响;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱、开路电位和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了转化膜的形貌、化学成分、成膜过程电位特性以及成膜过程不同阶段的阻抗谱特性;初步探讨了钢铁表面氧化锆转化膜的成膜机理。结果表明:35℃成膜5min,最优的Zr^4+浓度及pH值分别为0.16g/L和4;NO3^-浓度对成膜过程的影响有限;转化膜主要由Zr,Fe,O组成,为纳米颗粒组成的无定形膜;成膜过程类似于碱性阴极成膜,可以分为基体酸蚀活化、膜快速生长、膜减速生长、膜动态稳定以及膜溶解5个阶段;成膜时间在300s左右,锆系转化膜耐蚀性较优。
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