采用激光加工技术构建微米级的表面微结构,将SiO2纳米粒子均匀分散在低表面能含氟聚合物中形成聚合物基纳米复合材料,并将其涂覆在表面微结构上构建微纳双层仿生结构,获得了超疏水船体钢板表面.用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱等手段表征其形貌和表面元素,用接触角测量仪测量了表面接触角.结果表明,与具有单一的微米或纳米结构的表面相比较,具有微纳双层结构的表面可以获得更大的接触角.接触角与纳米SiO2浓度有关,浓度越高,接触角越大.当SiO2的浓度为0.167 mol/L,接触角可达168.2°.单一微米结构和纳米结构的表面符合Wenzel模型,即使将表面竖直放置,液滴仍不会滚落.微纳双层结构的表面符合Cassie模型,具有大的接触角和小的滚动角,且滚动角随SiO2浓度的增大而减小.当SiO2的浓度为0.167 mol/L,滚动角仅为0.29°.
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