聚苯胺材料的结构及性质与电化学聚合条件之间具有密切的联系,在苯胺的电聚合过程中,不同的阴离子对聚苯胺薄膜的形核过程、形成速率等产生不同程度的影响.采用循环伏安及交流阻抗等电化学测试方法,在含有NO3-,SO42-,Cl-,ClO4-及PO43-等不同种类阴离子的酸性溶液中,对苯胺在金电极表面的电聚合过程进行了研究,并采用等效电路图对聚合原理进行进一步的分析.结果表明:苯胺单体氧化为自由基是苯胺电聚合过程中的关键步骤,苯胺在含有不同种类阴离子溶液中氧化为阳离子自由基的难易程度顺序为NO3-＞SO42-＞ ClO4-Cl-＞PO43-,其中苯胺在掺杂PO34-的溶液中具有最低的反应电阻,这与PO43-显著的催化作用有关.
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