以苯胺为单体、樟脑磺酸为掺杂剂,采用水热法制备了聚苯胺纳米纤维.利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜对聚苯胺进行了结构和形貌表征.在1 mol/L H2SO4电解液中,采用循环伏安、恒流充放电及交流阻抗等测试技术,对聚苯胺的电化学性质进行了研究.结果表明,成功合成了直径约为50 nm～80 nm的聚苯胺纤维;当电流密度从0.5 A/g(486 F/g)增大到2 A/g(363 F/g)时,聚苯胺的比电容仍达到363 F/g,比电容保持率为74％,并且表现了出较小的内阻.可见,制备的聚苯胺纳米纤维具有较高的比电容和良好的倍率特性,在电化学电容器中有潜在的应用价值.
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