复合材料环形压力容器以其特有的结构形状得到了日益广泛的应用.目前关于纤维缠绕环形容器的研究主要局限于测地线缠绕圆环截面容器.由于环形容器的结构效率取决于它的管截面形状,所以使用圆环截面的环形容器无法实现等强度结构.本文提出了分别使用圆环截面和等强度截面的环形压力容器设计方法,并对二者进行了比较.基于最小应变能准则,得到了缠绕层铺设角和环壳内力间的最优化关系.根据网格理论,考虑截面缠绕层的厚度变化,导出了圆环容器缠绕的最优线型.引入应力比,分析了环壳上纤维的应力分布.描述了等强度经线曲线的一般形状,分析了轴向截荷对等强度曲线形状的影响.计算结果表明当轴向载荷达到一定数值时,等强度曲线能够实现闭合形成环形容器.进一步计算和比较了两种截面形状的环形压力容器在不同相对弯曲半径下的结构质量.研究表明,使用等强度截面设计的环形容器比使用圆环截面的环形容器要轻的多.通过等强度截面设计,环形压力容器的结构性能得到了明显的提高.
Composite toroidal pressure vessels are recently gaining more attention because of their structural efficiency,new-fashioned configuration,and low aspect ratio.However,there have been only few investigations with respect to winding of toroidal structures,and mostly based on geodesic winding and circular cross section.One of the shortcomings of the use of circular cross sections is that the strength of the filaments cannot be completely utilized,due to the structural efficiency of a toroid is predetermined under the given cross sectional shape.This paper outlined the design and comparison of filament wound toroidal pressure vessels with circular and isotensoid-based cross sections.First an optimality condition for the winding angle and internal shell forces was derived,based on the minimum strain energy criterion.With the aid of the netting theory,the winding patterns taking the variation of the shell thickness into account were presented using the optimality condition mentioned above.The stress distribution was obtained by the analysis of the stress ratio.Next,the isotensoid meridian profiles were determined for achieving uniform stress along the length of fibers.The influence of the theoretically required axial load on the meridional shape was also presented.The results show that the isotensoid meridian shape can become closed if the axial load reaches a sufficient value.The structural mass of the circular and isotensoidal toroids were respectively calculated,subjected to equal internal volumes.The resulting masses were compared with different relative bend radii.It is concluded that the toroids with isotensoid-based cross sections have lighter structure than those with circular sections.Therefore the structural performance of toroidal pressure vessels can be remarkably improved using isotensoid design method.
参考文献
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