通过在NH4F+H2O的乙二醇溶液中阳极氧化铁箔,制备了纳米多孔结构的铁氧化物(Fe2O3-Fe3O4),然后在纳米多孔中电沉积镍,再经过400℃退火0.5 h,获得了镍与纳米多孔氧化铁的复合材料(Fe2O3-Fe3O4/Ni).考察了电流密度和时间对镍沉积的影响.用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪表征了复合材料的表面形貌、元素组成和物相,测试了其电化学性能并与未经电沉积镍的纳米多孔氧化铁(Fe2O3-Fe3O4)比较.结果表明,氧化铁由Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成.镀镍的最佳电流密度为2.0 mA/dm2,时间30s.该纳米多孔Fe2O3-Fe3O4/Ni复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料表现出更好的电化学性能—经过50次充放电循环后的放电比容量仍有438.3mA·h/g,而Fe2O3-Fe3O4电极的放电比容量仅为110.6mA.h/g. Fe2O3-Fe3O4/Ni电极的循环稳定性和倍率性能优异.
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