通过硬度、拉伸和成形性实验及透射电镜、扫描电镜、能谱和金相分析,研究了Mg、Si和Mn含量的变化对6000系汽车板铝合金的显微组织、力学性能及成形性的影响,并探讨适宜的预时效处理工艺.研究结果表明:提高合金中的Mn含量,可增加合金中不可溶结晶相及弥散相粒子的数量,前者对合金的延伸率不利,后者阻碍了合金固溶处理过程中的再结晶.对于Si过剩的合金,提高合金中Mg和Si的质量比和Mn含量会使其强度升高,延伸率、应变硬化指数、塑性应变比和埃利克森值被降低.合金板材固溶处理水淬后立即预时效,较为适宜的预时效(固溶处理后立即在170℃下进行5～10 min的短时预时效)不仅能降低其自然时效的硬度,而且能提高人工时效的硬化效果,有利于车身构件的冲压成形和烤漆硬化能力的提高.
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