简单概述了聚苯胺的结构和掺杂机制,详细叙述了可溶性聚苯胺、纳米级聚苯胺和聚苯胺复合物等新型聚苯胺衍生物的制备方法.采用单体结构修饰法、胶体微粒法、功能质子酸掺杂法、复合物法等可以提高聚苯胺的可溶性;采用"迅速混合"法、超声波法、静态界面聚合法、正相微乳液聚合法、纳米反应器法、模板聚合法等可以制备出纳米级聚苯胺;通常采用聚苯胺前驱体法、插层聚合法、模板法、无机相前驱体法、聚苯胺和无机相直接复合法来制备聚苯胺/无机物纳米复合材料,而制备聚苯胺/聚合物复合材料采用的方法包括原位乳液聚合法、吸附聚合法、共聚法、共混法等.最后阐述了目前存在的问题和差距,并展望了未来的发展前景.
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