用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法测定并分析超声蚀刻对聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维的化学结构、结晶、形态结构和机械性能的影响,为利用超声蚀刻方法制备电镜样品、研究PAN纤维结构奠定实验基础.实验结果表明:超声蚀刻处理对PAN纤维化学结构没有影响;溶解的PAN分子量随着超声时间延长而降低,未溶解的PAN分子量基本没有变化;这种处理会使纤维的结晶度和晶粒尺寸均小幅下降;经过超声蚀刻后纤维表面出现大量的原纤结构,能够实现原纤分离;这种处理对纤维的线密度影响不大,而纤维强度、断裂伸长率和初始模量均有所下降.
The effects of ultrasonic etching treatment on the chemical construction,crystalline morphology,morphology and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were investigated by FTIR,WAXD,SEM and etc.with providing the experiment proof for the preparation of electron microscope sample by ultrasonic etching and the research of PAN fibers structure.The experimental result indicated:ultrasonic etching had no effect on chemical construction of PAN fibers.Molecular weight of dissolved PAN decreased with the time,while molecular weight of undissolved PAN did not change.The crystallinity and crystal grains reduced slightly after ultrasonic etching.The fibrils appeared on the fiber surface by ultrasonic etching.Ultrasonic etching had little effect on linear density of PAN fibers,but the breaking strength,the breaking extension and initial modulus all decreased.
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