采用SAXS和HRTEM方法从倒易空间和实空间分别研究了PAN纤维碳化及石墨化过程中长周期结构及其变化.通过HRTEM测试发现碳纤维中存在由石墨微晶的有序堆砌结构,无序堆砌结构及过渡区形成的层状长周期结构,同时碳纤维的SAXS赤道方向散射曲线中出现肩峰,说明这种长周期结构沿纤维径向堆砌.通过SAXS研究发现,在PAN纤维碳化过程中长周期结构从700℃时开始出现且其尺寸随热处理温度的变化呈先增大后减小的趋势,转折温度区域约为1350℃左右.通过一维相关函数分析,计算了长周期结构中石墨微晶有序堆砌结构尺寸(Lo)、无序堆砌结构尺寸(Ld)、过渡区尺寸(Ltr)随热处理温度的变化:1350℃之前,Lo、Ld趋于增大,而Ltr趋于减小;1350℃之后3个参数均呈减小的趋势.
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