保偏光纤是在单模光纤的基础上发展起来的一种特殊光纤,对线偏振光具有较强的偏振保持能力,这种特性使其被广泛的应用于光纤传感、光纤偏振器及各种偏振相干检测器等方面.非石英材料的使用将保偏光纤的透光范围由可见和近红外逐渐向中红外以及远红外扩展,由于对中远红外保偏光纤的研究起步的较晚,目前仍存有以下问题:(1)在中远红外波长范围内传统保偏光纤理论和应用亟待完善;(2)对于中远红外高双折射光子晶体保偏光纤的研究大部分都处于理论阶段,缺少实验验证与应用.本文回顾了中远红外保偏光纤研究历程,然后总结了保偏光纤的偏振保持参数、分类、制备方法及性能测试方法等,最后阐述了中远红外保偏光纤的应用及目前面临的主要问题和未来发展趋势.
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