采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机,对一种中碳V-N微合金钢生产过程的中间冷却、再加热、张力减径及其后冷却过程进行了物理模拟.在张力减径变形后分别在800、730、650、630、615、600、585和550℃采用水冷至室温.研究了张力减径变形后控冷过程中奥氏体的分解规律,重点分析了诱导晶内铁素体形成的因素.结果表明:奥氏体的分解转变依次为晶界铁素体、晶内铁素体和珠光体;在745～639℃范围内,奥氏体分解主要为晶界铁素体形核、长大阶段;冷却到639℃后,大量的晶内铁素体和珠光体开始形核析出.除已广泛接受的依附夹杂物形核外,析出相及先形成铁素体晶界同样是晶内铁素体的有效形核位置.能谱分析表明,诱导晶内铁素体形核的夹杂物附近没有出现贫化区,钢中夹杂物诱导晶内铁素体的形核应该是由惰性界面能和应力-应变能的共同作用.
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