评价了中国40多年来在航天、航空、光伏、粉末冶金、工业高温炉领域成功应用的针刺C/C,正交3D C/C、径编C/C、穿刺C/C、轴编C/C等五类C/C复合材料的物理、力学、热学、烧蚀、摩擦磨损、使用寿命等性能及特点,并与其他国家相应材料性能进行分析对比,为建立工程应用C/C复合材料共享的数据库平台奠定基础。揭示了炭纤维预制体、炭基体类型、界面结合状态与材料性能的关联度。指出炭纤维预制体结构单元精细化研究和其结构的梯度设计,以及炭基体的优化组合匹配技术,仍是C/C复合材料性能稳定化提升的重点研究方向。
Five kinds of carbon-carbon composites used in aerospace, aircraft, photovoltaics, powder metallurgy and high temper-ature furnaces are reviewed, whose preforms were fabricated by needle piercing, orthogonal three-direction weaving, radial wea-ving, axial weaving and puncture. The physical, mechanical, thermal, ablation, and wear properties and service life were compared with corresponding materials from overseas manufacturers. Correlations between the performance, type of preform and carbon ma-trix, and interfacial bonding state was obtained. These analyses and comparisons can lay a foundation for the construction of a data-base-sharing platform for C/C composites in engineering applications. Research efforts need to be focused on the fine structure and gradient design of preforms and the optimum combination of different carbon matrices for the improvement of C/C composites.
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