铷(Rb)是一种活泼的碱金属,过去由于铷的特性及成本原因,铷及其化合物的制备技术、应用领域均受到极大限制.随着我国铷矿的不断发掘和铷提取技术的进步,铷资源的开发与利用越来越受到人们的关注.综述铷的基本物理性能、铷二元合金与铷化合物的基本晶体学参数以及含铷材料的最新应用及研究进展,包括在能源、非线性光学晶体、催化、医药、焊料、特种玻璃和铁磁材料等方面的应用进展,并对铷今后的发展方向进行展望.
Rubidium (Rb) is an active alkali metal. Due to the nature of rubidium and the high cost, the preparation and applications of rubidium and its compounds have been greatly restricted in the past. Along with the progress of rubidium mining and extraction technology in China, the development and utilization of rubidium resources get more and more attention. The basic physical properties and crystallographic parameters of rubidium, rubidium binary alloy and rubidium compounds were summarized. In addition, the latest research and applications of rubidium materials were reviewed in detail, including the applications in energy, nonlinear optical crystals, catalysis, medicine, solder, special glass and ferromagnetic materials. The prospect for the future development of rubidium was also discussed.
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