概述了高能喷丸、表面机械研磨处理、超音速微粒轰击、超声冲击、激光冲击改性等表面改性方法的基本原理，重点分析了其对不同材料焊接接头表面进行改性的效果。这些改性方法可以细化焊接接头表面的晶粒，甚至使晶粒尺寸达到纳米级；提高焊接接头表面的显微硬度，从而提高焊接构件的强度；消除接头处的残余拉应力，使拉应力转变为残余压应力，从而抑制焊接接头裂纹源的产生，提高焊接接头的抗疲劳断裂能力，进一步提高焊接构件的寿命。了解了现有表面改性处理方法应用的领域范围及其优缺点，并对焊接接头表面改性处理方法的发展及研究方向进行了展望。
In this paper, the basic principles of high-energy shot blasting, surface mechanical attrition treatment, supersonic particles bombarding, ultrasonic peening, laser shock modified were overviewed. And the results of the modification treatments on the surfaces of welded joints of different materials were emphatically analyzed. These modification methods can make the surface grain of welded joints refinement, and the surface grain size of welded joints can even reach the nanoscale. At the same time, it can also improve the surface hardness of welded joints, and improve the strength of welded components. The residual tensile stress of the joints will disappear, and make the tensile stress change to the residual compressive stress, which can restrain the generation of welded joints crack source, improve the ability of anti-fatigue fracture of welded joints, and further prolong the life span of wel-ding components. It helps us acquire a further understanding of the application domain range as well as the advantages and disad-vantages of existing surface modification treatment methods. And this paper also prospected the development and research direction of the welded joints surface modification methods.
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