介绍了3种阴极,镧钼阴极、稀土钼金属陶瓷阴极及钪钨基扩散阴极的制备方法及发射性能.针对电子管用镧钼阴极发射不稳定的问题,采用原位光电子能谱法研究高温下La2O3(4%,质量分数)-Mo阴极表面La的价态,确定了适合La2O3-Mo阴极的碳化、激活等关键工艺制度,使实用型La2O3-Mo电子管的使用寿命超过了应用要求的水平.为满足大功率磁控管的发展要求,研究了新型稀土钼金属陶瓷阴极.经过高温激活处理后,材料的最大次级发射系数达5.24,实用管型测试结果表明,稀土钼金属陶瓷阴极的性能优于钡钨阴极,显示了良好的应用前景.亚微米结构的钪钨基扩散阴极具有优异的热发射性能,850 ℃下阴极的发射电流密度可达42 A/cm2,激活后Ba,Sc,O等元素形成的活性多层,均匀覆盖在阴极表面,促进了阴极的发射.
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