黏土矿物(clay minerals)是组成黏土岩和土壤的主要矿物,它是一种含镁、铝为主的水合硅酸盐矿物.研究发现黏土矿物液晶与有机液晶材料相比,具有光、电、磁性能强,热稳定性好,价格低廉等优点.简要介绍了黏土矿物液晶材料的形成机理,概述了片层状黏土液晶材料、纤维型黏土液晶材料、类黏土矿物液晶材料的制备方法和研究现状,同时介绍了不同条件(浓度、离子强度、外电场作用、分散介质、重力作用)对黏土及类黏土分散体系相变的影响,并对黏土矿物液晶材料的应用发展前景进行了概述.
Clay minerals, composed of clay rock and soil of the main minerals, is a magnesium, aluminum-based hydrated silicate minerals.It is found that the clay mineral liquid crystal materials compared with organic liquid crystal, the former has the advantages of light, electricity, magnetic energy, good thermal stability, low price and so on.The current research status of clay mineral liquid crystal materials and their forming mechanism was introduced.The preparation methods of liquid crystal materials were reviewed on the studies of lamellar clay liquid crystals, fiber type clay liquid crystals, analogs of clay liquid crystals.Different effects, such as concentration, dispersing medium, external electric field, ionic strength and gravity etc.on the phase transition properties of the materials were discussed.The application and development of clay mineral liquid crystal materials were summarized as well.
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