通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜、热重差热分析仪以及化学分析对铅冶炼渣进行系统矿物特征研究。结果表明：铅冶炼渣中主要金属矿物为硅锌矿、锌黄长石、锌铁尖晶石、方铁矿以及金属铅。锌元素高度分散在玻璃渣相中，其中锌在硅酸盐中占66.28%(质量分数)，在铁酸盐中占31.63%(质量分数)，选矿回收有价金属锌需要以含锌矿物矿相重构为基础。金属铅与锌铁尖晶石伴生，可以采用强磁选回收锌铁尖晶石而富集金属铅。铅冶炼渣的水溶液为弱碱性，水溶液pH值与渣料的粒度大小有关。在强酸或强碱条件下，金属的溶解行为不同，控制碱性浸出条件可作为冶炼渣中铅选择性提取的有效方法。
The mineralogical characterization of the lead smelter slag was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal analyzer and chemical analysis. The results show that the major constituents in the slag are willemite, hardystonite, franklinite, wustite and metallic Pb. Zinc is averagely distributed in glass matrix, in which the zinc silicate is 66.28%and the zinc ferrite is 31.63%. The mineral reconstruction should be carried out before zinc recovery by ore beneficiation or beneficiation-metallurgy process. Metallic lead is in the form of metallic Pb and associated with franklinite. Metallic lead is associated with franklinite, and therefore, its recovery can be achieved by recovering franklinite using high intensity magnetic separator. In addition, aqueous water of the lead smelter slag is weak alkaline, and pH value is related with particle size. Dissolution behavior of the valuable metal is different in a strong acid or alkaline environment. Alkaline leaching may be considered as an effective method of selective extraction of lead in the slag.
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