为了寻找一种废旧棉纤维的高效再利用方法,从棉纤维的化学结构着手,结合亚临界水的特殊性质,采用水热法使棉纤维炭化生成附加值较高的炭微球。探讨棉纤维在亚临界水中炭化成球的最优条件,并分析棉纤维炭化的反应过程及水热产物的表面物理结构和微观化学组成。结果表明,棉纤维在280℃,10 h,20 g/L条件下,炭微球的形貌最佳,含碳量达到74.99%,粒径为0.8~3μm。水热产物主要以无定形碳结构形式存在,且含有大量的芳香环结构和脂肪族基团,具有较强的亲水性,表面C/O质量比高于水热产物平均C/O质量比。棉纤维的炭化主要是经水解,裂解,聚合、凝结、芳香化、胶体作用而形成。
Carbon microspheres ( CMs) were prepared by the carbonization of waste cotton fibers in subcritical water, and were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and elemental analysis. The amount of fibers as a function of volume of water, carboni-zation temperature and time was optimized based on the morphology, elemental composition and size of the CMs. Results indicate that the best CMs have the highest fraction of spheres with sizes from 0. 8 to 3 μm and a carbon content of 74. 99 wt% and are ob-tained under subcritical water at 280℃ for 10 h when the amount of cotton fibers is 20 g per liter of water. The CMs have an amor-phous structure and their surface C/O ratio is higher than the global C/O ratio. The cotton fibersare converted into CMs by hydroly-sis, cracking, polymerization, condensation, aromatization and finally spheroidizing to decrease surface energy.
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